In The Peace Settlement Germany Was Forced To Accept Sole Essays

In the peace settlement Germany was forced to accept sole responsibility for causing World War I. This was a totally justifiable demand on the part of the victorious powers. The Treaty of Versailles was enacted into history in June 1919 with Germany forced to accept sole responsibility for causing World War I. Since then there has been considerable debate concerning the war but even today historians still cannot fully agree upon the causes. Some support has been given to the theory that Germany was totally responsible for the war however substantial evidence does not support that view. Therefore the insistence by the victorious powers to include in the Treaty that Germany accept total blame cannot be justified. This essay examines certain events and actions prior to the July crisis. These caused tension and hostility among nations but did not have a direct bearing upon the war. Also it has been determined that there were decisions and courses of action taken by several nations following the assassination of Franz Ferdinand heir to the Austrian-Hungarian throne which did have a direct bearing upon World War I. Development of political and military alliances caused tension and hostility among nations leading up to World War I. Two major alliance systems developed due to conflicting national interests which had been evident during the past two decades throughout Europe. These were the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy and the Triple Entente of Britain, France and Russia. Also several smaller countries became indirectly involved in the alliances which effectively divided Europe into two Armed Camps. Russia pledged to support Serbia in order to prevent further Austrian-Hungarian expansion into the Balkans. Germany stated its support for Austria-Hungary and Britain had given its support for Belgiums 2. neutrality in 1839. However while these political and military alliances existed there is no direct evidence to indicate that any nation declared war on that basis. There had been several crisis during the period 1905-1913. First the Moroccan crisis involving France and Germany during 1905 and 1911. No wars eventuated only tensions and fears regarding Germanys aggressive expansionist policies. Britain supported France being involved in Morocco and France conceded some territory in the Congo to Germany. Second the 1908 Balkans crisis eventuated because of the collapse of the Ottoman [Turkish] Empire. Austria-Hungary annexed the provinces of Bosnia-Herzegovina. Serbia was insensed and sought Russian assistance. Germany became involved and Russia backed down. Finally two wars developed in the Balkans. The first Balkan war [1912] was between Turkey and the Balkan League [Serbia, Bulgaria and Greece] with Turkey being driven out of the Balkans. The second Balkan war [1913] occurred between Bulgaria and Serbia/Greece. Winning this war strengthened Serbs position and this gave Austria-Hungary concern regarding its influence in the Balkans. The main significance of the Balkan wars was the position of Britain and France placing restraint on Russia and Germany restraining Austria-Hungary. This did not happen with the July crisis of 1914 which resulted in World War I. [Condron - The Making of the Modern World] Also the two Balkan wars resulted in renewed antagonism between Bulgaria and the other Balkan states especially Serbia and caused general dissatisfaction because of the interference of the great powers in Balkan politics.[Grolier - World War I]. Evidence does support that while the various events discussed did not contribute directly to World War I they did indeed contribute to extreme tensions and suspicions between the great powers and certainly fueled the arms race which in effect prepared nations for the total disaster that was to follow the July crisis. The arms race which mainly involved Britain and Germany began in 1896 when Germany took the decision to significantly expand its navy. This intense competition which developed created significant tensions between nations. The intensity to expand was further fueled following each major crisis which developed during the period 1905-1913. Britain hardened its position towards Germany. The arms race also extended to other areas such as the expansion and modernization of armies. Evidence suggests that due to the large increase in expenditure on navies and armies together with 3. transport and equipment Britain and the European nations were in fact preparing for a war that they knew would eventuate at some stage. Germany ignited the arms race with its aim to develop a navy two thirds the size of Britains to protect the vulnerable North Sea and possibly through the fear of encirclement but evidence supports that Britain led the arms race and thus this action contributed significantly towards the carnage and destruction that resulted from World War I. The assassination of Archduke, Franz Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary occurred on the 28

The Pirate Bay Case Study Essays

The Pirate Bay Case Study Essays The Pirate Bay Case Study Essay The Pirate Bay Case Study Essay Keywords: advertisement, copyright, digital, file sharing, piracy, The Pirate Bay The Pirate Bay (TPTB) is an online directory of digital content, founded in 2003, that allows users to search, download and contribute magnet links and torrent files, which enables peer-to-peer file sharing. In 2009, the websites four founders were found guilty in Sweden for facilitating copyright infringement and sentenced each to one year in prison and payment of $3. 5 million in restitution to the plaintiffs (major record label firms). Some countries have required Internet service providers to block access to the website. In return, proxies have been able to provide access to the website. TPTB is appealing the court judgment and has yet to pay any fines or serve any time in jail. In 2011, the firm moved its servers to an unknown location in Sweden, as well as dispersing several copies in other countries (Lauded Travel, 2013). The global internet world is riddled with file sharing sites like The Pirate Bay, they operate by inducing, enabling and encouraging users to share music and other forms of copyrighted content without the permission of the copyright holder. This unlawful exchange of copyright material falls supranational on U. S. Companies, stockholders and employees, as well as on federal, State and local governments. In return the U. S. Government, European Union as well as several other countries are working to fortify intellectual property protection laws. Is it possible for The Pirate Bay and other file sharing services to endure even with consequences of large fines and imprisonment (for both site owners and users)? Perhaps more importantly, will new media platforms with the support of copyright owners be enough to discourage users from partaking and procuring pirated trials? The Impact of Piracy In 2007, The Institute for policy Innovation released a report stating that piracy of sound recordings has resulted in $12. 5 billion dollars in losses to the U. S. Economy annually (more staggering, $20. 5 billion to the movie industry); $422 million in lost federal, state and local tax revenue annually; 71 ,060 lost jobs; and $2 billion in lost wages to American workers (Seek, 2007). Today industry revenues from digital formats continue to cultivate, exceeding $4 billion for the first time in 2012, and attaining nearly $4. Billion in 201 3 while counting for 64% of industry revenues, digital music theft has been a major factor behind the degeneration in sales within the last 15 years (decline of 53%). Despite the decrease in the use of peer-to-peer sites in recent years, other formats of digital theft have been emerging, comprising of unsanctioned digital storage lockers used to allocate copyrighted music, streamlining programs, and mobile applications that ass ist digital content theft (ARIA 2015). More recent studies held by the Recording Industry Association of America show that from 2004 to 2009 alone, around 30 billion ones were illegally downloaded on file-sharing networks, like The Pirate Bay; only 37% of music acquired in the U. S. In 2009 was legally paid for; digital theft of music, movies and other copyrighted content takes up 24% of global Internet bandwidth and 17. 5% of the U. S. Bandwidth; and digital storage locker downloads makes up for 7% of all Internet traffic, while 91% of the links found on them were from copyrighted material, and 10% of those links were to music specifically (ARIA 2015). Combating Piracy The U. S. Government has increased its focus (and encouraged other entries) on endorsing stricter laws such as Preventing Real Online Threats to Economic Creativity and Theft of Intellectual Property (Protect IP Act). Inopportunely, these firmer legislations come with their disparager. The European social and political movement, civil liberties groups as well Google, Yahoo, Faceable and several other large Web Companies vie that these proposed laws prohibit the free effort of information and would result in Internet censorship. Critics believe that both bills are exceedingly broad and generally only serve in the interests of Hollywood and the U. S. Music industry. While they agree that new enforcement implements are necessary to combat rogue websites devoted to copyright infringement and counterfeiting, they say the proposed bills go too far (Fijian, 201 1). The challenge ascends with how to find an equilibrium among the rights of one person against anothers. Along with amplified legislation, many governments are taking a sturdier place on intellectual property theft and aggressively prosecuting organizers of illegal downloading. This can be seen within the rulings and sentencing of The Pirate Bay founders. More recently, Limier founder, Mark Gorton, who was found guilty of copyright infringement in 2011 and fined $105 million (Lauded T rave, 2013). Despite the threats of fines and imprisonment, file sharing sites are still flourishing even more than before. Regardless of legalities, these sites are able to entice advertising dollars from top blue chip brands like Allocate, Chevrolet, Target, McDonalds, and Dominos (Johnson, 2014). The Digital Citizens Alliance conducted a study reporting that 30% of large websites that traffic heavily in infringing media array ads for these premium brands. Thirty of the largest content sharing Sites are generating upwards of $227 million annually in ad revenue, while the smaller sites are generating around $100,000 annually (Benson, 2014). This report also showed that these sites that yield wholly from advertising averaged $4. 4 million, with the most heavily trafficked Bitterroot and POP sites producing 36 million. The lesser sites earned more than $100,000 in ad revenue. With profit margins for these sites ranging between 80% and 94%, it appears crime does pay (Benson, 2014). So long as there is money to be dad, file sharing sites like The Pirate Bay will continue to subsist. The Shift Technology platform owners and distributors such as Apple, Amazon and Google, with the aid and backing of intellectual property owners, have chosen to address the transferal from physical to digital format. Platform owners offer consumers instantaneous and inexpensive access to a multitude of digital content while warranting content owners are remunerated for their work. Benefits for consumers also lay in the ability to acquire a better quality product than could be found in a POP software download. Apples tunes has men the leader in digital content sales since its origination in 1998. In 2013, Apple announced that more than 25 billion songs had been downloaded from the tunes Store (Apple, 2013). Regardless of recurrent moderate price increases, consumers still continue to utilize the mobile and internet site. Notably, these sites offer easy integration of purchases to the user devices. As well as, more and more digital stores are inflowing the market as a means of attaining a portion of the digital download pie, which in return provides consumers more choices. Websites like Google Play, Amazon Prime and Nettling make efforts to distinguish themselves by posing a monthly or yearly membership that permits users access to unlimited instant streaming for a flat fee. Many of these platform technology owners are offering cloud computing which provides users to lease disk space to store music and other digital content. Users can then access this data anywhere, at any time without having to download it onto a device. Which these technology in itself is rapidly turning into its own competitive market (Mesenteric, 2015).

Mountain Lion Population Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Mountain Lion Population Model - Essay Example gic study mode considering Goldman’s findings of 1946 who stated that due to Texas being neighbors with Mexico, there will always be a significant number of mountain lions in Texas. The distribution of mountain lions is mainly in the west and south Texas which borders Mexico. However, the true population distribution is not known because there is no study that has been done before to determine the distribution (McKinney, 2003). I feel that she could have included the history about the lions in the article, considering historically the entire of Texas was inhibited with , Puma concolor, a lion species (McKinney, 2003). This species was famous among people living in Texas then because they viewed them as a threat to their livestock. However, early 1890’s, the mountain lions were being killed at an alarming rate which in turn lead to drastic decrease in population. Also, to be added in her findings are the strategies suggested in the survey that needs to be put in place. The study gave the following management plans that should be undertaken to control the lion numbers such as establish sink areas for rearing goat and sheep where no predators allowed, establish source areas where the lions reproduce without any interference and construct stable areas where harvesting can be done to control the mountain lions group (McKinney, 2003). In conclusion, including the history and the three strategies is very important because mountain lions also contribute to the ecology and it is also of social and economical value to Texas. For example, lions help control the population of animals such as deer and other species which in turn help maintain vegetation cover, thus achieving a balanced ecology. The study indicated that most of the lions killed are female and the current rate of killing is higher than the rate at which the lions reproduce. Due to the killing, the existing populace mainly comprises of young lions and this is not healthy for any animal populace

Annotated Bibliography - Does Illegal Immigration Help or Hurt the US Essay

Annotated Bibliography - Does Illegal Immigration Help or Hurt the US Economy - Essay Example The author realizes that illegal immigration persists in the United States since old times. Those who enter the United States illegally come from various nations, such as Mexico, Honduras, Guatemala, and the Caribbean. In particular, the author notes that in recent years illegal immigrants from China, Mexico, and other European countries increase dramatically in the United States. In that sense, Sadowski-Smith is one of the various thinkers and analysts who try to tackle the subject of illegal immigration in the United States, trying to push the country to adopt strict measures to control this negative phenomenon. According to the author, the current illegal migration from Chinese and European countries much exceed the case of Mexico, which was long believed to be one of the major producer of illegal immigrants to the United States. In that sesne, this article takes a comparative view in attempting to study the negative consequences of illegal immigration on US economy. As stated cle arly by the author, the main goal of this article is to â€Å"examine European and Chinese migratory movements as precursors to and contemporaries of Mexican undocumented immigration.† In trying to analyze Sadowski-Smith’s article, one may realize that the author makes a good job analyzing many of the negative consequences of illegal immigration to the US. ... Also, Sadowski-Smith puts much of the blame on US businessmen and companies, which seek to hire unskilled labor among illegal immigrants to pay them low wages. In this context, she cites the example of U.S. railroad companies, which â€Å"asked entrepreneurs to help them recruit unskilled labor from China in the mid-1870s.† Accordingly, Sadowski-Smith, in this article, succeeds in determining and analyzing some of the historical factors that have led to the severity of the phenomenon of undocumented immigration in the US. Samers, Michael. â€Å"’Here to Work’: Undocumented Immigration in the United States and Europe.† SAIS Review, Volume 21, Number 1, Winter-Spring 2001, pp.131-145. Published by The Johns Hopkins University Press Michael Samers, in this article, makes a close and significant link between the phenomenon of illegal immigration to the US and the increase of informal labor in the country. To enrich his argument, the author makes a comparative study between the statuses of illegal immigration in the US to the case in Europe. In this context, Samers argues that â€Å"the United States and the European Union have witnessed a historically relative transnationalization of their economies and societies,† and this aspect is strongly marked by â€Å"a demand for low-skilled production and service workers.† In addition, the author also realizes that regional integration, in both cases of US and Europe, plays a significant role in spreading the phenomenon of illegal immigration in both the United States and Europe. In the case of the US, regional integration is embodied in NAFTA, while in Europe, it is embodied in the European Union. As the

Utilization Management Programs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Utilization Management Programs - Essay Example Services did become better coordinated at the CMHC level, but the responsibility for negotiating the service system and compliance of the treatment remained with the client. Specific case management service guidelines vary somewhat as the individual states' interpretation and implementation of federal mandates differs. The needs and resources of a large inner-city population vary considerably from those of a rural community. A clear and consistent service definition has not been reached, and there is no consensus on what does and what does not constitute case management. Some people describe case management as purely a brokering or linkage function while others include comprehensive skill teaching and support in addition to service linkage. Controversy also exists regarding who can best provide the service: nonprofessionals, specified mental health professionals, or a combination of both in a team approach. Consumer case management, in which clients or consumer sin the mental health system act as case manager aides for those with less functional ability, is also being undertaken The initial case management evaluation period is typically 30 days, during which it is desirable to gain as complete a picture as possible of the client's past and current functioning. The case manager must evaluate the client's status, needs, and goals in each of the following areas: mental health, physical health, financial status, housing, living skills, leisure, vocational and educational activities, and availability of a support system. Because case management is designed to address the broad range of a client's needs for maintaining satisfactory and stable community living, the initial evaluation phase is critical in identifying existing resources, skills, and strengths, as well as service and support needs and skill deficits. The overall goal of case management is help maintain the client's quality of life in the least restrictive community environment possible: therefore, evaluation data should assist the case manager in identifying factors that may have resulted in either the client's successes or failures in the past. Service Plan Development The service plan is the case management equivalent of the treatment plan as used in traditional inpatient or outpatient setting. It identifies the client's goals and objectives for a specified time period, typically a six-month time period, and it must be updated at least that often, or as necessary, as goals are achieved or are deemed inappropriate or unrealistic at any point during that period. The format of the service plan varies, but generally it identifies the client's goals and the client's case management objectives and service activities for achieving each one. Because services are individualized, the number of goals appearing on the plan at any one time will vary. It is important to be realistic and set no more goals than can be accomplished within a given time period. It is preferable to state the client's goals in his or her own words. Objectives must be measurable, have projected time frames, and be consistent with evaluation results and client goals. They should be realistic and broken down as necessary into tasks deemed achievable for the particular client. Placement Services Case management placement assistance may be defines as any support provided to the client

Academic and professional work experience goal statement

Academic and professional work experience goal statement ACADEMIC PROFESSIONAL GOAL STATEMENT Valuable work experience has helped me to develop strong qualitative architectural expertise along with good leadership and communication skills. This has helped me to tackle complex issues in my field of work and gives me the confidence to pursue post graduate studies. I am Sruthi Maria George, currently working in an architectural consultants firm as a Junior Architect. With a strong desire to create artistic, creative and imaginative building structures, I chose Bachelor of Architecture for my under graduate studies. After completing my bachelors, my next step was to get a job in a challenging and dynamic environment and so I did find one as soon as I returned to my parents residing in United Arab Emirates. Throughout my work tenure so far, I have been working on challenging design projects which emphasized on creating healthy and eco-friendly buildings and environment. One of the major requirements to be fulfilled while planning and designing of the projects was the attainment of a ‘PEARL 2 rating, a class of sustainable approach known as ‘ESTIDAMA which consists of sustainable planning strategies. This field influenced me to know more about the environmental aspects in order to widen my knowledge and career skills. With the rise of disasters occurring around the world, we as humans need to be aware of the factors that lead to these natural calamities. A few environmental issues identified would be as follows: Global warming Climate change being recently observed is the main result of this global warming. The ozone layer of the earth being depleted with the increased use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in refrigerants, propellants and solvents, emission of carbon dioxide from burning of fossil fuels (petrol, diesel, kerosene) and other greenhouse gases. This degradation of the ozone layer affects the ultraviolet filtration of the suns radiation, causing the earths temperature to rise and having negative impacts on the living beings on earth. Energy exhaustion Tremendous use of non renewable sources such as fossil fuels, natural gas and coals over the years are being depleting and adverse effects on air quality causing human and environmental problems. These needs to be replaced with renewable sources of energy such as solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, biomass energies etc. Landfill waste With the increase in population and their activities, waste disposal is taking place on a higher rate. The adverse effects of this landfill wastes are pollution of the environment, emission of methane gases which is a greenhouse gas leading to the depletion of the ozone layer and other hazardous impact on the livings things and   the environment. This needs to be reduced by incorporating waste reduction and recycling strategies. Threat to ecosystems and endangered species Biodiversity enhances the productivity of the ecosystems. Threat to biodiversity leads to the destruction of the ecosystem, thus affecting the ecological pyramid and the food web. A recent article which caught my eyes, a killing game of dolphins and whales which takes place in Denmark by the local teens to show that they adults. These creatures have become near to extinction due to this. Deforestation Due to the increase in human population and their activities, conversion of forests to non- forest areas for development purpose is on a rise. This contributes to the increase of carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere, loss of biodiversity and soil erosion leading to natural calamities. Pollution Air pollution resulting from the burning of fossil fuels from vehicles and industries, hence affecting the environment and the health of humans. Contaminating water bodies by disposal of wastes leads to degradation of the ecosystem and human health issues. A masters degree in environmental studies would help me to become personally aware of the existing and future environmental issues arising in todays world. It would help me to understand the issues on a broader aspect of view and to resolve them by creating environmental friendly designs contributing to the wellness of the social economy and for the beneficial use of the future generations. The main environmental specialization that I would like to do is the studies on sustainable development as this combines the social, economic and environmental aspects. As this field, is going global and is one of the major considerations in todays world, specializing in this field would be of international standards and quality. University of Illinois is one of the few and reputable institutions in the world to offer an innovative course which combines environmental studies and sustainable development as a joint online program without having me to compromise on my current working status. Hence I sought to pursue my higher education here. If given a chance to pursue my post graduate studies in University of Illinois for Masters of Environmental studies specializing in sustainable development and policy, I would prove myself to be an asset by my hard work and dedication to the department and the university. Thanking you. Sincerely, Sruthi Maria George

Hero Essay -- essays research papers

As a person grows so do the things they hold dear to themselves and the things they look up to. Heroes take many forms when we are children, from the comic book superhero to the imaginary friend. As we grow from children to young adults our heroes change to those more tangible, movie stars or athletes. When we reach adulthood, the definition of hero becomes clear and our heroes become those that we love and can look up to. It took me a while to realize it but my hero is an 83 year old woman. In 1986, at the ripe age of 6, I was given the news that a big storm was coming. As a child the news of a big storm frightened me, I was paralyzed by the fear of being struck by lightning. The sky became unsettled, a shade of gray that left even the brightest spirit longing. The rains came hard and fast, the thunder and lightning along with it. Shortly after the wind began to pick up. I had seen The Wizard of Oz and became extremely worried that our entire apartment building would be ripped from the foundation and taken to some far off world. At the pinnacle of the storm there was a knock at the door. Of course I didn’t hear the knock because it’s hard to hear when you have your ears plugged so as to avoid the thunder. It was Auntie Lou, everyones favorite babysitter. With rain cap on her head and umbrella in hand, she had braved the storm to come visit my sister and I. With a joyful look on her face Lou asks if anyone wanted to go for a walk. Had anyone els...